involvement, the literate West tried to find some sort of 
compromise in a larger sense of collective responsibility. The 
sudden impulse to this end was just as subliminal and obscure 
as the earlier literary pressure toward individual isolation and 
irresponsibility; therefore, nobody was happy about any of the 
positions arrived at. The Gutenberg technology had produced a 
new kind of visual, national entity in the sixteenth century that 
was gradually meshed with industrial production and 
expansion. Telegraph and radio neutralized nationalism but 
evoked archaic tribal ghosts of the most vigorous brand. This is 
exactly the meeting of eye and ear, of explosion and implosion, 
or as Joyce puts it in the Wake , “In that Earopean end meets 
Ind.” The opening of the European ear brought to an end the 
open society and reintroduced the Indic world of tribal man to 
West End woman. Joyce puts these matters not so much in 
cryptic, as in dramatic and mimetic, form. The reader has only